Catalogue description Manuscript leaf from a Patristic text, in Latin, produced in France (Burgundy)

Text: From a Patristic text, in Latin

Script: Praegothica

The text is from Florus of Lyons’ Expositio in Epistolas Pauli.

There are two columns of forty-nine lines, written in dark brown ink, in a fine Cistercian Romanesque script. Line ruling is in hard point, and there is line pricking on both side edges.

The leaf is numbered ‘. xxvi .’ at the top left corner of the verso. In the top centre of the verso is the word ‘ad’ which matches up with ‘galat(as)’ on the recto so that before the leaves had been removed from the manuscript the heading running across an opening would have read ‘ad galatas’ (to the Galatians).

Similarly halfway down the left margin of the verso is ‘Cap(itu)l(u)m’ matching ‘. I .’ on the right margin of the recto. The opening would have read ‘Capitulum I’ (Chapter I).

On each side of the leaf, in the margins are written in hard point what could be read as ‘2Y’ and this may be related to the line rulings.

There are four sections highlighted by vertical pen squiggles in the margin. Also there are four notes in the margin, one in dark brown, by a later hand, and three in red.

Patristic texts are the writings and doctrines attributed to the early leaders, or Fathers, of the Christian Church.

The text was written at the Monastery of Citeaux in Burgundy - the Mother house of the Cistercian Order - founded in 1098, a mere half-century before this example was written. One of its most famous members was St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153), who entered as a novice in 1112. He obtained recognition for the new Order of Templars - a dedicated body of knights fighting in the Crusades. Early Cistercian scribes are noted for the quality of their parchment, the care which they take in the formation of letters and their proportions, and the page layout - in short for their calligraphy. Florus makes extensive use of text written by Saint Augustine of Hippo but does not acknowledge his source.

References:

1 Florus diaconus Lugdunensis: Migne, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 119, col. 364-5.

2 Saint Augustine of Hippo: Migne, Patrologia Latina, Vols. 32 to 47.

Transcription

Recto side (column 1):

1 Siquis vobis ęvvangelizaverit . preter quam

2 quod accepistis : anathema sit . hinc vulgo dictu(m)

3 e(st) . ut devotatio dicatur . Nam devotare seq(ue)m-

4 quam nemo fere dicit . nisi maledicens . (Et) ana-

5 thematizavit eum et civitates eius : et vocatum

6 e(st) nomen loci illius anathema . hinc ductum

7 e(st) . ut anathema detestabile aliquid . et abhomi-

8 nabile videatur . Ut enim nichil inde victor

9 inusus suos auferret. s(ed) totum inpenam luen-

10 dam vocaret : hoc erat anathematizare . quod

11 vulgo dicitur devotare . Origo autem huius

12 verbi e(st) . in greca lingua ab his rebus quę votę

13 et p(er) solutę hoc e(st) promissę et reddite sursum

14 ponebantur in templis : a potu anathiteme .

15 hoc e(st) . sursum ponere . vel figendo vel suspen-

16 dendo . At quero hominibus placere . Si ad

17 huc hominibus placerem : (christ)i servus non

18 e(ss)em . *Sunt homines qui putant sibi in benę [Migne Vol.38 col.301

19 vivendo sufficere conscientiam : et non valde

20 curant quid de illis alter existimet : ignorantes

21 quia cum homo viderit hominem bonę cons-

22 cientię negligentiu(s) viventem : passim se cuilibet

23 et ubilibet coniungentem : habentem scientia(m)

24 quod nichil sit idolum : et tamen in idolio re-

25 cumbentem : conscientia illius cum sit infir-

26 ma . edificatur non ad ea quę p(er)scrutatur . s(ed) ad

27 ea quę suspicatur* . Neq(ue) enim homo par tuus . [I Corinthians 8.10

28 f(rate)r tuus . intrare potest in conscientiam tua(m) q(uam) nov(it)

29 d(eu)s . Consc(ent)ia tua cora(m) d(omin)o : (con)v(er)sat(i)o tua cora(m) f(rat)re tuo .

30 Si d(e) te illę aliq(ui)d mali suspica(n)s p(er)t(urb)at(us) edificat(ur) ad aliq(ui)d

31 faciendu(m) q(uo)d te putat tace(re) c(um) sic vivis : quid pro- [facere

32 dest . quia venter conscientię tuę hausit aq(ua)m

33 puram . et ille de tua negligenti conversatio-

34 ne bibit turbatam : (Et) audis tales cum corri-

35 piuntur ne ista faciant : respondere nobis et

36 dicere . Ap(osto)l(u)s dixit . Si hominibus placere velle(m):

37 (christ)i servus non e(ss)em* . Et hic aquam turbas : pas- [Galatians 1.10

38 cua conculcas . Attende melius : ne et tibi aqua(m)

39 turbes . Quid ait ap(osto)l(u)s . Si hominibus placere vel- [Quod

40 lem : (christ)i servus non e(ss)em . Optime accipimus :

41 ap(osto)licam sententiam libenter agnosco . S(ed) aluid

42 in ap(osto)lo non legisti : Placete omnib(us) p(er) omnia ~~ sic(ut)

43 et ego omnibus p(er) omnia placeo : non querens

44 quod michi prodest s(ed) quod multis . ut salvi fi-

45 ant . Rursus eundem ap(osto)l(u)m non audisti : Sine

46 offensione estote iudeis . et grecis . et ęccl(es)ię d(e)i* . Ter- [I Corinthians 10.32-33

47 tio eundem ap(osto)l(u)m non audisti : Providemus eni(m)

48 bona non solum coram deo : s(ed) etiam coram homi-

49 nibus* . Ait ergo ille . Expone itaq(ue) michi quomodo [II Corinthians 8.21

Recto side (column 2):

1 intelligam diversa atq(ue) contraria: ac dicentem [hac

2 ap(osto)l(u)m . si hominibus placere vellem (christ)i servu(s)

3 non e(ss)em : ac dicentem placete omnibus p(er) om(n)ia . [hac

4 sicut et omnibus ego p(er) omnia placeo : ac dicen-

5 tem . gl(ori)a n(ost)ra hec e(st) testimonium conscientię n(ost)rę :

6 ac dicentem . providemus bona non solum co- [hac

7 ram deo : s(ed) etiam coram hominibus . Si tranquil-

8 lus audias . si tibi ipsi aq(ua)m ~~ tuę mentis non p(er)

9 turbes . quantum potero fortassis exponam . Sunt

10 homines temerarii iudices . susurrones . detracto-

11 res . murmuratores . querentes suspicari quod non

12 vident : querentes etiam iactare . quod nec suspi-

13 cantur . Contra tales quid remanet : nisi testimo-

14 nium conscientię n(ost)rę : Neq(ue) enim fr(atre)s etiam in illi(s)

15 quibus placere volumus gl(ori)am n(ost)ram querimus .

16 aut gl(ori)am n(ost)ram querere debemus . s(ed) illorum salu- [Note in margin

17 tem . ut si benę ambulemus . nos sequendo non se- [ambulamus

18 quendo non errent . Imitatores n(ost)ri sint : si nos (christ)i . [deleted text

19 Si autem nos non (christ)i : imitatores sint (christ)i . Ipse

20 enim pascit grecem suum : et cum omnibus bene

21 pascentibus ipse solus e(st) : quia omnes in illo sunt .

22 Non ergo utilitatem n(ost)ram querimus quando pla-

23 cere hominibus volumus : s(ed) gaudemus eis pla-

24 cere quod bonum e(st) : propter illorum utilitatem . [ipsorum

25 non propter n(ost)ram dignitatem . Contra quos au-

26 tem dixerit ap(osto)l(u)s . si hominibus placere vellem (christi)

27 servus non e(ss)em . manifestum e(st) : propter quos

28 dixerit . placete omnibus p(er) omnia sicut et ego om-

29 nib(us) placeo p(er) omnia . manifestum e(st) . Utrumq(ue) di-

30 lucidu(m) utru(m)q(ue) t(ra)nquillu(m) utr(um)q(ue) pur(um) : utr(um)q(ue) n(on) p(er)t(ur)-

31 batum . Tu tantum pasce et bibe : noli conculcare

32 et turbare . Nam et ipsum dominum ih(esu)m (christu)m .

33 magistrum ap(osto)lorum utiq(ue) audisti . Luceant op(er)a

34 v(est)ra coram hominibus . ut videant bona facta

35 v(est)ra: et glorificent patrem v(est)r(u)m qui in celis est* . [Matthew 5.16

36 id est qui vos fecit tales . Nos enim populus et

37 oves pascuę eius : et oves manuum eius* . Ille [Psalm 95.7

38 ergo laudetur qui te fecit bonum si bonus es :

39 non tu . qui p(er) te ipsum non poteras . e(ss)e . nisi mal(us) .

40 Quid vis autem in contrarium ducere veritatem :

41 ut quando boni aliquid facis te velis laudari

42 quando mali aliquid facis . deum velis vitupe- [dominum

43 rari : Utiq(ue) enim qui dixit luceant opera v(est)ra

44 coram hominibus : ipse dixit in eodem sermone .

45 nolite facere iusticiam v(est)ram coram hominib(us) .

46 S(ed) sicut tibi in ap(osto)lo ista contraria videbantur :

47 sic et in ęvvangelio . Si autem non p(er)turbes aq(ua)m

48 cordis tui : et hic agnosces pacem scripturarum .

49 et habebis cum eis et tu pacem . Si autem cum

Verso side (column 1):

1 eis habere nolueris pacem . tu in te commit-

2 tis litem tuam : illi non amittent pacem [illę

3 suam . Propter illos enim qui se hominib(us)

4 iactant . et ita ventilant bona op(er)a sua . ut

5 finem bonorum operum suorum in laude

6 hominum ponant : eandemq(ue) laudem ho-

7 minum quasi p(ro) mercede ~~ computent bono-

8 rum operum suorum : de his dicitur . amen

9 dico vobis receperunt mercedem suam : et

10 contra eos dicitur . cavete iusticiam v(est)ram

11 facere coram hominibus . Proinde sequitur .

12 ut videamini ab eis* . Ultra non porrexit in- [Matthew 6.1-2

13 tentionem : hic fecit finem . Nolite hic face- [sic

14 re coram hominib(us) quicquid boni facitis

15 ut videami ab eis : ut ipse sit finis boni o-

16 peris v(est)ri . videri ab eis . Nolite ergo sic ut

17 videamini ab eis . Hic autem non ibi po- [Hac

18 nit finem . ut videamini ab hominibus . co-

19 ram quibus vult e(ss)e . bona facta n(ost)ra : s(ed) ait .

20 Luceant op(er)a v(est)ra coram hominib(us) : ut videant

21 bona op(er)a v(est)ra . Non quievit neq(ue) hic remansit :

22 s(ed) duxit hinc te sursum . et tulit te a te . cad(er)es

23 enim si e(ss)es in te : et ubi tutus e(ss)es posuit te . Vi-

24 deant inquit bona op(er)a v(est)ra : et glorificent

25 patrem v(est)r(a)m qui in celis e(st) . Noli irasci : quia

26 illi glorificatur . Apud illum esto : et in illo

27 glorificaberis . Ut non glorietur ait ap(osto)l(u)s . om-

28 nis caro coram deo . Ergo sine gl(ori)a remanebi-

29 mus :. Non . Ait enim ipse . Qui gloriatur : in

30 domino glorietur* . Nam et testimonium con(s)- [I Corinthians 1.31

31 cientię n(ost)rę ita nobis gl(ori)a e(st) : quia in illo e(st) . Nam

32 si ita e(st) gloria n(ost)ra . ut nobis placeamus . et

33 efficiamur placentes nobis : valde stulto

34 homini placet . qui sibi placet . Curemus (er)g(o)

35 fr(atre)s non tantum bene vivere . s(ed) etiam coram

36 hominibus bene conversari : nec tantum cu-

37 rare habere bonam conscientiam : s(ed) quantu(m)

38 pot(est) n(ost)ra infirmitas . quantum vigilantia fra-

39 gilitatis humanę : curemus nichil etiam fa-

40 cere . quod veniat in malam suspitionem in- [suspicionem

41 firmo fr(atr)i . Ap(osto)l(u)s dicit . Si adhuc hominibus [First red note in margin

42 placerem . servus (christ)i non e(ss)em* : cum alio loco [Migne Vol.34 col.1271

43 dicat . placete omnibus p(er) omnia . sicut et ego [Galatians 1.10

44 omnibus p(er) omnia placeo*. Quod q(ui) n(on) intelli- [I Corinthians 10.33

45 gunt contrarium putant : cum illę se dixe-

46 rit non placere hominibus . quia non ideo

47 recte faciebat ut placeret hominibus . sed

48 ut deo : ad cuius amorem corda hominum

49 volebat convertere . et eo ipso quo placebat

Verso side (column 2):

1 hominibus . Itaq(ue) et non se hominibus rec-

2 te placere dicebat . quia in eo ipso ut deo pla-

3 ceret intuebatur : et placendum e(ss)e . homini-

4 bus recte p(rę)cipiebat : non ut hoc appeteret(ur)

5 tamquam merces recte factorum : S(ed) quia

6 deo placere non posset qui non se his quos

7 salvos fieri vellet . p(rę)beret imitandum : imita-

8 ri autem illum qui sibi non placuerit . nullo

9 pacto quisquam potest . Sicut ergo non absur-

10 de loqueretur qui diceret . in hac opera qua

11 navim quero . non navim quero s(ed) patriam : [navem

12 sic ap(osto)l(u)s convenienter diceret . in hac opera q(uia)

13 hominib(us) placeo . non hominibus placeo sed

14 deo : quam non ad hoc appeto . s(ed) ad id refero

15 ut me imitentur quos salvos fieri volo . Quę

16 autem scribo vobis : ecce coram deo quia no(n)

[Second red note in margin

17 mentior . *Non vobis dicimus . non nos iura- [Start of Migne Vol.38 col.977

18 re : si enim hoc dicimus mentimur . Quantum

19 ad me p(er)tinet . non iuro . S(ed) quantum michi vi-

20 detur magna necessitate compulsus . cum vi-

21 deo nisi faciam non michi credi . et ei qui mi-

22 chi non credit non expedire quod non credit :

23 hac p(er)pensa ratione . et consideratione librata .

24 cum magno timore dico coram deo . aut testis

25 e(st) d(eu)s . aut scit (christu)s . quod scit sic e(ss)e . in animo meo :

26 et video quia plus e(st) . id est quia amplius e(st) q(ua)m .

27 e(st) . e(st) . non . non . s(ed) hoc quod amplius e(st) a malo

28 e(st) : et sinon a malo iurantis . a malo e(st) non cre-

29 dentis . Deniq(ue) non ait sit in ore v(est)ro . e(st) . e(st) . n(on) . n(on) .

30 si quis amplius facit malum e(st) : s(ed) sit in ore [malus

31 v(est)ro . e(st) . e(st) . non . non . quod autem amplius e(st) a-

32 malo e(st) . s(ed) quere cuius* . Nisi forte putatis fr(atre)s . [Matthew 5.37

33 quia si sciret ap(osto)l(u)s paulus credere credere si- [deleted word

34 bi galathas . adderet iurationem . et diceret .

35 quę autem scribo vobis . ecce coram deo quia

36 non mentior* . Videbat ibi eos qui credebant : [Galatans 1.20

37 videbat . et alios qui non credebant* . Eram au- [End of Migne Vol.38 col.978

38 tem ignotus facie ęccl(es)iis iudeę quę erant

39 in (christ)o : tantum autem auditum habebant .

40 quoniam qui p(er)sequebatur nos aliquando .

41 nunc evvangelizat fidem quam aliquando

42 expugnabat : et in me magnificabant deum .

43 Ut quid magnificabant deum . si non d(eu)s [Third red note in margin

44 ad se ipsum cor illius viri . suę gr(ec)ę bonitate

45 converterat : quando ut ipse confitetur mi-

46 sericordiam consecutus est . ut fidelis e(ss)et

47 ea fide quam aliquando vastabat(ur) . Ipsum

48 etiam verbum quod posuit . quem nisi d(eu)m

49 hoc tam magnum bonum fecisse de clarat(ur) .

Black marginal note on recto side;

Aug(ustinus) in libro de ovibus . [should be 'libro'

First red marginal note on verso side:

Ex libro . ii . de sermone d(omi)ni in monte ;

Second red marginal note on verso side:

Ex s(er)mone ep(ist)le iacobi ut nemo iuret .

Third red marginal note on verso side:

Ex ep(ist)la ad vitale(m) .

Notes:

A Letters: a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u/v,x,z.

Capitals: A,C,E,H,I,L,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U/V,&,

.

Large capitals: A,N,U.

In ‘ęvvangelizaverit’ (recto 1, line 1) a double ‘v’ occurs, as also the letter ‘z’.

B Alternative forms of letters ‘d’(2), ‘i’(2), ‘r’(2) and ‘s’(3).

Note the ‘c’ form of ‘s’ in ‘christus’ (verso 2, line 25).

C In all occurrences of ‘st’ a ligature occurs, but there is no ligature for ‘ct’.

D Use is made of the ampersand form of ‘et’ (e.g. recto 1, line 4).

E Frequent use is made of e caudata (ę) representing ‘æ’.

F Deletion of the duplicated word ‘credere’ (verso 2, line 33) by dots underneath the word

and crossing through the word in red. See also the deletion in recto 2, lines 17/18.

G Generally there are few abbreviations but with exceptions for a few common words and

where, in lines 29 and 30 of the recto side, the writing appears to be in a different hand,

with darker ink and many words abbreviated. It appears that missing text had to be

inserted.

H Frequent abbreviation of ‘est’ occurs (e.g. recto 1, line 6).

I Frequent abbreviation of ‘sed’ occurs (e.g. recto 1, line 9).

J Use of ‘xp’ in place of the Greek chi-rho (‘χρ’) in ‘christi’ (e.g. recto 1, line 17).

K Abbreviation of ‘christi’ as an ‘x’ with a superscript ‘i’ (recto 2, line 26).

L Abbreviation of ‘esse’ (recto 2, line 39).

M Abbreviation of ‘gloria’ (recto 2, line 5).

N Abbreviation of ‘fratres’ (recto 2, line 14).

O Abbreviation of ‘nostram’ (recto 2, line 15).

P Abbreviation of ‘ergo’ (verso 1, line 34).

Q Abbreviation of ‘qui’ (verso 1, line 44).

R It is difficult to transcribe punctuation and a colon has been freely used.